Y. J. Guo, X. Y. Lai, R. X. Xu
The state of super-dense matter is essential for us to understand the nature of pulsars, but the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) makes it very difficult for direct calculations of the state of cold matter at realistic baryon number densities inside compact stars. The strong coupling between quarks might render quarks grouped in clusters, and at high densities but low temperature, it is conjectured that the quark-cluster matter could be in a condensed phase as self-bound objects. Nevertheless, supposing that the quark-clusters could be analogized to inert gases, we apply here the corresponding-state approach to derive the equation of state of quark-cluster matter, as was demonstrated for nuclear and neutron-star matter in 1970s. According to the calculations presented, the quark-cluster stars, which are composed of quark-cluster matter, could then have high maximum mass that is consistent with observations and, in turn, further observations of pulsar mass would also put constraints to the properties of quark-cluster matter. Moreover, the melting heat during solid-liquid phase conversion and the related astrophysical consequences are also discussed.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.3688
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